The Tour de France (French pronunciation: is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race typically covers around 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) and lasts three weeks.
As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The race is broken into day-long segments, called stages. Individual times to finish each stage are aggregated to determine the overall winner at the end of the race. The rider with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the leader's yellow jersey on the next day of racing. The course changes every year, but the race has always finished in Paris. Since 1975, the climax of the final stage has been along the Champs-Élysées.
Description
The tour typically has 21 days of racing and covers 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi). The shortest Tour was in 1904 at 2,420 kilometres (1,500 mi), the longest in 1926 at 5,745 kilometres (3,570 mi).The three weeks usually include two rest days, sometimes used to transport riders from a finish in one town to the start in another.The race alternates between clockwise and anticlockwise circuits of France. The first anticlockwise circuit was in 1913.The New York Times said the "Tour de France is arguably the most physiologically demanding of athletic events." The effort was compared to "running a marathon several days a week for nearly three weeks", while the total elevation of the climbs was compared to "climbing three Everests."
The number of teams usually varies between 20 and 22, with nine riders in each. Entry is by invitation to teams chosen by the race organiser, the Amaury Sport Organisation. Team members help each other and are followed by managers and mechanics in cars.
Riders are judged by the time each has taken throughout the race, a ranking known as the general classification. There may be time deductions for finishing well in a daily stage or being first to pass an intermediate point. It is possible to win without winning a stage; this has occurred six times. There are subsidiary competitions (see below), some with distinctive jerseys for the best rider. Riders normally start together each day, with the first over the line winning, but some days are ridden against the clock by individuals or teams. The overall winner is usually a master of the mountains and of these time trials. Most stages are in mainland France, although since the 1960s it has become common to visit nearby countries: Andorra, Belgium, England, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland have all hosted stages or part of a stage. Austria, Qatar and Scotland have expressed an interest in hosting future startsStages can be flat, undulating or mountainous. Since 1975 the finish has been on the Champs-Élysées in Paris; from 1903 to 1967 the race finished at the Parc des Princes stadium in western Paris and from 1968 to 1974 at the Piste Municipale south of the capital.
Stages in the province of Liège
| Années | Étapes | Vainqueurs | |
|---|---|---|---|
1948 | Metz > Liège |  | Gino Bartali |
1950 | Metz > Liège | | Adolfo Leoni |
1953 | Metz > Liège |  | Fritz Schaer |
1956 | Reims > Liège |  | André Darrigade |
1962 | Nancy > Spa |  | Rudi Altig |
1965 | Cologne > Liège | | Rik Van Looy |
| Liège > Liège (contre-la-montre par équipe) | Équipe Ford France Gitane | ||
1976 | Louvain > Verviers |  | Miguel Maria Lasa |
1980 | Metz > Liège |  | Henk Lubberding |
| Spa-Francorchamps > Spa-Francorchamps (contre-la-montre) | | Bernard Hinault | |
1989 | Luxembourg > Spa-Francorchamps |  | Raul Alcala |
1995 | Charleroi > Liège |  | Johan Bruyneel |
| Huy > Seraing (contre-la-montre) | | Miguel Indurain | |
2001 | Anvers > Seraing | | Erik Zabel |
2004 | Liège > Liège (prologue) | | Fabian Cancellara |
2010 | Bruxelles > Spa | | Sylvain Chavanel |
ภาพการแข่งขัน
สีเหลือง (maillot jaune - yellow jersey) สำหรับผู้ที่ทำเวลารวมได้น้อยที่สุด  | สีเขียว (maillot vert - green jersey) สำหรับผู้ที่มีคะแนนรวมสูงที่สุด (the leader of the points classification) |
 | สีขาวลายจุดสีแดง (maillot à pois rouges - polka dot jersey) สำหรับผู้ชนะในเขตภูเขา ซึ่งมีชื่อเรียกเฉพาะว่า จ้าวภูเขา King of the Mountains |
 | สีขาว (maillot blanc - white jersey) สำหรับผู้ที่ทำเวลารวมได้น้อยที่สุดสำหรับผู้ที่อายุต่ำกว่า 26 ปี |
 | สีรุ้ง (maillot arc-en-ciel - rainbow jersey) สำหรับผู้ชนะการแข่งขันจักรยานชิงแชมป์โลก (World Cycling Championship) ซึ่งมีกฏว่าจะต้องใส่เสื้อนี้เมื่อแข่งขันในประเภทเดียวกับที่ผู้แข่งนั้นเป็นแชมป์โลกอยู่ |
 | เสื้อแบบพิเศษ สำหรับผู้มีคะแนนรวมสูงสุด และชนะการแข่งขันช่วงย่อย และจ้าวภูเขา |
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